Shuzō-yōsui jōka setsubi

Depending on the purpose of treatment, the following kinds of apparatus may be used.

Turbidity removal apparatus.
Cloudiness is filtered out directly or after sedimentation.
De-colourizing apparatus.
Causes of colouring (chaku-shoku) are removed by sedimentation or filtration through active carbon.
De-odourizing apparatus.
Odours are removed by filtration or treatment with active carbon, chlorine or such.
Iron-removal apparatus.
Oxidization to precipitate Fe³^＋is widely used. Aeration, chlorination and manganese zeolite process are amongst the methods used.
Manganese-removal apparatus.
Manganese zeolite process or the use of manganese sand and chlorine together are amongst the systems used.
Water-softening equipment.
Ion-exchange resin is used to treat hard water.